Which statement about unconscious bias is true?

• A. Only some people have unconscious biases.
• B. Unconscious bias can be completely eliminated with training.
• C. Unconscious bias is identical to deliberate prejudice.
• D. Everyone has unconscious biases to some extent.

Answer: (D)

Unconscious bias arises from automatic mental processes that shape judgments and decisions without our awareness. The statement that everyone has unconscious biases to some extent is true because biases are a natural part of human cognition, formed by upbringing, culture, and everyday experiences. These biases can influence choices and actions even when we intend to be fair, which is why awareness and deliberate reflection are essential in fields like valuation and housing to prevent unfair outcomes. They differ from deliberate prejudice, which is a conscious, intentional stance toward a group. While training and ongoing reflection can reduce the impact of unconscious bias, they cannot completely eliminate it for most people, making the universal presence of biases the most accurate description.